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Vaseeha Banu, T. S.
- Antianginal Transdermal Drug Delivery System: Formulation and Evaluation
Authors
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, M.M.U College of Pharmacy, K.K. Doddi, Ramanagara- 562159. Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, T. John College of Pharmacy, Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore- 560083. Karnataka, IN
3 Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapuramu, Anantapuramu- 515002, Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 5, No 6 (2013), Pagination: 320-326Abstract
Lercanidipine Hydrochloride (LH) is a calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension along with chronic stable angina related to myocardial ischemia characterised by chest discomfort rather than actual pain. The main goal of the treatment of stable angina pectoris is to control symptoms, slow progression of the disease and reduction of major cardiovascular events. In our present investigation an attempt has been made to formulate transdermal drug delivery system of LH to treat angina pectoris. Transdermal films of LH have been formulated by solvent casting technique using three different polymers hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), ethyl cellulose (EC) and polyvinyl pyrrolidine (PVP) (blend ratios viz; 0.5:1.5, 1:1 and 1.5:0.5% w/v), of varying degrees of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. Propylene glycol (PG 30% w/w) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO 7% w/w) was incorporated as plasticizer and permeation enhancer respectively. The prepared films were evaluated for various physicochemical parameters and ex-vivo drug release through rat abdominal skin using Franz diffusion cell. The patch containing combination of HPMC:PVP shown maximum water vapour transmission rate, % moisture absorption and % moisture loss, which could be attributed to the hydrophilic nature of both the polymers. Ex-vivo data revealed that the released pattern from all the patches followed zero order; moreover it was sustained and extended over a period of 24 hours in all formulations. F7 emerged as the most satisfactory formulation by permeating drug upto 88.94%. Further the best formulation F7 was subjected to skin irritation studies, the results revealed that the F7 has no erythema and oedema.Keywords
Antianginal Drug, DMSO, PVP, HPMC, EC.
- Approaches and Current Trends of Transdermal Drug Delivery System-A Review
Authors
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, M.M.U College of Pharmacy, K.K. Doddi, Ramanagara- 562159. Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, T. John College of Pharmacy, Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore- 560083. Karnataka, IN
3 Department of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Anantapur- 515002, Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 5, No 4 (2013), Pagination: 177-190Abstract
The human skin is one of the most readily accessible organ/surface of the human body for drug delivery. Skin of an average adult body covers a surface of approximately 2 m2 and receives about one-third of the blood circulating through the body. Today about 74% of drugs taken orally are not effective as desired. Transdermal drug delivery system has emerged as an effective delivery system to improve such characters. Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) is the system in which the delivery of the drug occurs by the means of skin and deliver specific dose of the medicine (drug) into the bloodstream over a period of time. This includes high bioavailability, absence of first pass hepatic metabolism effect, steady drug plasma concentration, and the fact that therapy is non-invasive and also reduces dosing frequency.
This review article covers a brief outline of TDDS, its advantages over conventional dosage forms, drug delivery routes across human skin, penetration enhancers, the principles of transdermal permeation, various components of transdermal patch, types of Transdermal patches, approaches of transdermal patch, its application with its limitation with relevant examples, when these are used and when their use should be avoided.
Keywords
Transdermal Drug Delivery System, Skin Penetration, Transdermal Patches.- Development and Evaluation of Transdermal Films of Oxybutynin
Authors
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, M.M.U College of Pharmacy, K. K. Doddi, DIST. Ramanagara- 571511, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.M.U College of Pharmacy, K. K. Doddi, Dist. Ramanagara- 571511, Karnataka, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 2, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 178-183Abstract
Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic drug used to treat over active bladder (OAB) which is a chronic and distressing medical condition symptomatised by urinary urgency and frequency and an urge to urinate immediately with or without urinary incontinence. In our present investigation an attempt has been made to formulate transdermal films of Oxybutynin using Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) and Carbopol 934-P alone and in combination with different ratios along with Propylene Glycol (PG) which can serve as plasticizer cum permeation enhancer. The films were prepared by solvent casting technique. They are evaluated for physical appearance, drug content, thickness, tensile strength, percent elongation, folding endurance, water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) and in vitro drug release through rat abdominal skin using Franz diffusion cell. It was found that HPMC and Carbopol 934- P have good film forming properties. Between the two polymers used results showed that the formulation HC35 was very flexible with highest folding endurance. The drug release for all the formulations, it has been observed that transdermal films of Carbopol 934- P alone i.e. C3 and C2 and HPMC: Carbopol 934- P (1:3) i.e. HC30 and HC 29 shown more than 88% release, which have the best release pattern among all the formulations prepared. Further it was noticed that as the concentration of PG increases the release pattern also increases. In conclusion combination and HPMC and Carbopol 934- P with PG can potentially be optimized to develop and effective transdermal drug delivery system for Oxybutynin.Keywords
Permeation Enhancer, Solvent Casting, Over Active Bladder.- Transdermal Drug Delivery System of Salbutamol Sulphate:Formulation and Evaluation
Authors
1 Dept. of Pharmaceutics, M.M.U College of Pharmacy, K. K. Doddi, Dist- Ramanagara- 571511, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.M.U College of Pharmacy, K. K. Doddi, Dist. Ramanagara- 571511, Karnataka, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 2, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 56-61Abstract
Salbutamol Sulphate (SS) is a selective 2 adrenergic receptor agonist having oral bioavailability of 50%. The transdermal films of SS were formulated using solvent casting technique. Solutions containing polymers i.e. Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) and Ethyl Cellulose (EC) at different concentrations (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3%) were prepared. These solutions were then used to prepare films. Prepared films were then evaluated for their different physicochemical parameters like physical appearance, weight variation, thickness, drug content, folding endurance, tensile strength, percent elongation and finally in vitro release study across rat abdominal skin. Between the two polymers used results revealed that the films prepared by using 2% HPMC with 30% propylene glycol(PG) was very flexible with high folding endurance and uniform drug content, further release study showed 88.68% release across the rat abdominal skin for 24 hours.
Keywords
Salbutamol, Asthma, Bronchitis.- Development of a New, Simple, Sensitive and Cost-Effective Method for Estimation of Atenolol in Formulation and Bulk
Authors
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. M.M.U College of Pharmacy, K. K. Doddi, Dist. Ramanagara- 571511, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.M.U College of Pharmacy, K, K, Doddi, Dist. Ramanagara- 571511, Karnataka, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 2, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 72-76Abstract
Atenolol is selective 1- adrenergic receptor blocking agent with insignificant partial agonist activity and weak membrane stabilizing properties. Atenolol is official in Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) and British Pharmacopoeia (BP) and the official method for its assay is by nonaqueous titration. Literature survey revealed non-aqueous titration used for the assay of pure drug and in formulations, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC) methods for the determination of this drug from serum&urine and Colorimetric and Spectrophotometric methods to estimate this drug in its formulations. But the titrimetric method suffers from various drawbacks and is not satisfactory for pharmaceutical products. This prompted us to develop a newer, simple and cost-effective method for estimation of Atenolol in formulation and bulk. This method is based upon the reaction of Atenolol with dinitrofluorobenzene in acetone in presence of borax and dioxane to develop a yellow colour which is then determined spectrophotometrically at 389 nm (λ max of the complex formed). A series of dilutions containing atenolol 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34 μg /ml were prepared among which linearity showed at the range of 2-24 μg/ml. Calibration plot was obtained by using above dilutions. By using the calibration plot the amount of atenolol present in tablet formulation and bulk was found out and the results were satisfactory and encouraging.